ANTIBIOTIC RESTRICTION POLICY (as of January 2019)
Unrestricted antibiotics (do not require ID approval)
Acyclovir (IV and PO)
Amikacin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
Ampicillin
Ampicillin-sulbactam
Bacitracin
Cefadroxil
Cefazolin
Ceftriaxone
Cephalexin
Clindamycin
Clotrimazole troches
Dapsone
Dicloxacillin
Doxycycline
Erythromycin
Gentamicin
Metronidazole
Nitrofurantoin
Nystatin
Oseltamivir
Oxacillin
Penicillin
Terbinafine (monitor LFTs)
Tetracycline
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (PO)
Do not require ID approval if meet criteria below (per GLA guidelines):
Atovaquone-proguanil
• Travel to areas where transmission of chloroquine-resistant malaria is endemic (up to 30d) as per www.cdc.gov/travel. To start 1-2d prior to exposure and continue for 7d after return.
Azithromycin
• IV use is unrestricted up to 5 days, but oral conversion is strongly recommended for non-ICU patients who are otherwise tolerating PO.
• PO:
Discharge treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in patients who cannot tolerate oral doxycycline (up to 5 days total)
Chlamydia infection (single dose)
M. avium prophylaxis (once weekly)
Severe travelers’ diarrhea or suspected bacterial enteritis meeting any of the following criteria:
Fever
Presence of blood, pus, or mucus in stool
>6 stools/day
Evidence of volume depletion
Complicating host factors (age >70, immunocompromise)
Aztreonam - prostate biopsy prophylaxis (with fosfomycin) in patients with history of resistant organisms and eGFR < 40 mL/min
Cefotetan
• Surgical prophylaxis (24 hours perioperatively)
Cefuroxime • Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with mild penicillin allergy (e.g., urticaria) who can otherwise tolerate cephalosporins
• Completion of treatment for community-acquired pneumonia for inpatients upon hospital discharge
Ciprofloxacin
• Urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, prostatitis (note that >30% of outpatient urine isolates at GLA are resistant to fluoroquinolones)(if resistance to cephalexin or TMP-SMX is suspected), prostate biopsy prophylaxis
• Diverticulitis (with metronidazole)
• SBP prophylaxis (weekly)
Clarithromycin
• Treatment of documented M. avium infection or H. pylori
Ertapenem
• Treatment of hospital-associated pneumonia in ward patients (up to 7d)
• Severe diabetic foot infection (infection involving skin/subcutaneous tissue and/or deeper structures meeting at least one SIRS criterion (T > 38° C or < 36°C, pulse > 90/min, RR > 20/min, or PaCO2 < 32 mm Hg with WBC > 12,000 or < 4000 cells/uL or >/= 10% immature (band) forms)) (up to 7d)
• Urinary tract infection suspected or confirmed to be due to ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (up to 7d)
Fluconazole
• Single dose treatment for vaginal candidiasis
• Oral thrush
• Esophageal candidiasis
• Suspected/confirmed pulmonary coccidioidomycosis (up to 30 days, please send ID consult for followup)
• Weekly dosing for onychomycosis (typical dose: 200mg/week)
Fosfomycin: single dose as a part of prostate biopsy prophylaxis
Levofloxacin
• IV: Inpatient non-severe community-acquired pneumonia with severe PCN allergy
• PO: Step-down therapy from piperacillin/tazobactam or ertapenem for treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia
• Urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, prostatitis (if resistance to cephalexin or TMP-SMX is suspected, ciprofloxacin is preferred). Note that >30% of outpatient urine isolates at GLA are resistant to fluoroquinolones. • Diverticulitis (with metronidazole; ciprofloxacin is preferred)
• Heme Onc: prophylaxis for intermediate and high-risk cancer patients during neutropenia (ANC <1000) anticipated to be 7d or longer
Meropenem
• Empiric treatment of hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU patients (3 day limit).
• Targeted therapy (7 day limit) of susceptible gram-negative pathogen resistant to all available fluoroquinolones, penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides
• Susceptible P. aeruginosa resistant to all other ß-lactam antibiotics
Micafungin
• Treatment of suspected disseminated candidemia in ICU patients (3 days)
Mupirocin
• Treatment of MRSA colonization prior to surgery (or empiric use prior to cardiac surgery)
Rifampin
4-month course for the treatment of latent tuberculosis: monitor LFTs, watch for drug-drug interactions (esp. DOACs), can submit E-consult for questions regarding indication or appropriateness of this regimen vs. others
Valacyclovir
•Treatment of herpes zoster
• Treatment/prophylaxis of oral or genital HSV infection in patients with prior clinical failure of acyclovir or inability to adhere to more frequent dosing of acyclovir
Vancomycin PO
• Suspected (3 days) or proven (up to 14 days) treatment of C. difficile colitis that is severe per GLA guidelines (http://www.vaglaid.org/gla-guidelines) or recurrent.
Requires Antibiotic Timeout for continuation past day 3 of therapy:
Empiric therapy is unrestricted until hospital day 3, at which time an antibiotic timeout note template must be completed to continue for an additional 48-96h; ID approval is required for further continuation.
Piperacillin/Tazobactam
Vancomycin (IV)
Cefepime
Requires ID approval (can send ID e-consult for non-urgent issues for outpatients)
Albendazole
Amphotericin
Antiretroviral agents
Atovaquone
Cefepime
Cefpodoxime
Ceftaroline
Ceftazidime
Ceftazidime/avibactam
Ceftolozone/tazobactam
Chloramphenicol
Chloroquine
Cidofovir
Colistin
Dalbavancin
Daptomycin
Ethambutol
Famciclovir
Flucytosine
Foscarnet
Ganciclovir
Imipenem-cilastatin
Isoniazid
Itraconazole
Ivermectin
Ketoconazole
Linezolid
Mebendazole
Mefloquine
Minocycline
Moxifloxacin
Nitazoxanide
Oritavancin
Paromomycin
Pentamidine
Polymyxin B (IV)
Primaquine
Pyrimethamine
Pyrazinamide
Quinupristin/dalfopristin
Ribavirin (non-viral hepatitis indications)
Rifabutin
Rifapentine
Rifaximin (needs GI approval when given for hepatic encephalopathy)
Streptomicin
Telavancin
Tigecycline
Tinidazole
Tobramycin
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (IV)
Valganciclovir
Voriconazole
Medications that can be approved/prescribed by ID or GI when used for viral hepatitis
Adefovir
Daclatasavir
Elbasvir/grazoprevir
Entecavir
Interferon/peg-interferon
Lamivudine
Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/- dasabuvir
Ribavirin
Simeprevir
Sofosbuvir
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
Telbivudine
Tenofovir
Requires PBM approval
Fidaxomicin
Isavuconium (isavuconazole)
Posaconazole
Tedizolid
Drugs that are not available due to equivalent or better alternatives:
Anidulafungin
Caspofungin
Cefotaxime
Doripenem
Griseofulvin